import java.io.*;

class read
{
  static BufferedReader in=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
  

  public static int Int() throws IOException
  { return Integer.parseInt(in.readLine());}

  public static double Double() throws IOException
  { return Double.valueOf(in.readLine()).doubleValue();}

  public static float Float() throws IOException
  { return Float.valueOf(in.readLine()).floatValue();}

  public static long Long() throws IOException
  { return Long.valueOf(in.readLine()).longValue();}

  public static short Short() throws IOException
  { return Short.valueOf(in.readLine()).shortValue();}

  public static byte Byte() throws IOException
  { return Byte.valueOf(in.readLine()).byteValue();}

  public static String String() throws IOException
  { return in.readLine();}

  
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
  {}
}